Ancient Astronomy

[Pastorian]

Peak District monolith is astronomically aligned
Astronomy Now | Dr Emily Baldwin | 28 March 2012

A 2.2 metre high monolith located in the Peak District National Park is a 4,000 year old astronomical marker that points to geographic south, say researchers at the Nottingham Trent University.

The triangular-shaped monolith is situated at Gardom’s Edge, less than an hour’s drive from Manchester, where the National Astronomy Meeting is being held this week. Presenting the findings, Daniel Brown explained that the orientation and inclination of the monolith’s slope is aligned to the altitude of the Sun at mid-summer.

“The stone would have been an ideal marker for a social arena for seasonal gatherings,” he told the conference. “It’s not a sundial in the sense that people would have used it to determine an exact time. We think that it was set in position to give a symbolic meaning to its location, a bit like the way that some religious buildings are aligned in a specific direction for symbolic reasons.”

[bystander]

Evidence stacks up that monolith at Gardom's Edge is astronomically aligned
Royal Astronomical Society | 2012 Mar 27

Researchers at the Nottingham Trent University have gathered new evidence that a 4000-year-old monolith was aligned to be an astronomical marker. The 2.2 metre high monument, located in the Peak District National Park, has a striking, right-angled triangular shape that slants up towards geographic south. The orientation and inclination of the slope is aligned to the altitude of the Sun at mid-summer. The researchers believe that the monolith was set in place to give symbolic meaning to the location through the changing seasonal illuminations. Dr Daniel Brown will present the findings on Tuesday 27th March at the National Astronomy Meeting in Manchester.

The rare example of a monolith is located at Gardom's Edge, a striking millstone grit ridge less than an hour's drive from Manchester. The researchers have carried out a microtopography survey of the surface surrounding the monolith. Their findings indicate the presence of packing stones around the base of the monolith, evidence that it was placed carefully in position. They have also carried out 3-D modelling of illumination of the stone through the seasons, adapting for changes in the Earth's tilt to the ecliptic plane over four millennia.

The landscape surrounding the stone harbours many ancient monuments such as Bronze Age roundhouses, a late Neolithic enclosure, and other traces of a long lasting human occupation. The researchers believe that the stone is also late Neolithic, set in place around 2000 BC.

"Given the sensitivity of the site, we can't probe under the surface of the soil. However, through our survey, we have found a higher density of packing stones on one side, supporting the case that the stone has been orientated intentionally," said Dr Brown.

The 3-D modelling shows that during the winter half-year, the slanted side of the stone would remain in permanent shadow; during most of the summer half-year it would only be illuminated during the morning and afternoon; close to midsummer it would be illuminated all day. The researchers are currently backing up the modelling work by gathering contemporary photographic evidence of the stone.

"The stone would have been an ideal marker for a social arena for seasonal gatherings," said Dr Brown. "It's not a sundial in the sense that people would have used it to determine an exact time. We think that it was set in position to give a symbolic meaning to its location, a bit like the way that some religious buildings are aligned in a specific direction for symbolic reasons."

The researchers hope that the new evidence will support the case for a wider archaeological survey of the site.

"The use of shadow casting in monuments of this period is quite rare in the British Isles," said Dr Brown. "But there are some examples including New Grange, Ireland, and some Clava cairns in the north-east of Scotland that have been proposed to include the intentional use of shadows. Both are associated to burial sites using the symbolism of a cyclic light and shadow display to represent eternity. Given the proximity of the Neolithic enclosure and possible ritual importance of this site, the Gardom's Edge monolith could be another such example."

[Céline Richard]

(...) The orientation and inclination of the slope is aligned to the altitude of the Sun at mid-summer. The researchers believe that the monolith was set in place to give symbolic meaning to the location through the changing seasonal illuminations. (...) "The stone would have been an ideal marker for a social arena for seasonal gatherings," said Dr Brown. "It's not a sundial in the sense that people would have used it to determine an exact time. We think that it was set in position to give a symbolic meaning to its location, a bit like the way that some religious buildings are aligned in a specific direction for symbolic reasons." (...) "The use of shadow casting (...) the symbolism of a cyclic light and shadow display to represent eternity."

I didn't know about it before reading. But i heard of an hypothesis concerning the orientation of monoliths in Stonehenge, in England. This orientation would be related to arqueoastronomy and religious beliefs too.

Other civilizations tried to give sense, to find a meaning to astronomical phenomenons by developing associated religious beliefs. I think especially to the Nazca, a people in 300 before Jesus-Christ, in Peru.
The Nazca lines represent sacred animals. A scientist (i don't remember his name; a documentary broadcasted in the channel History, on March, Friday 23th) thinks the Nazcas might use to walk along those lines during religious ceremony.
On wikipedia, it seems it could be linked to astronomy too:

Kosok and Reiche advanced a purpose related to astronomy and cosmology: the lines were intended to act as a kind of observatory, to point to the places on the distant horizon where the sun and other celestial bodies rose or set in the solstices."