Starship Asterisk*

Chris Peterson wrote:

geckzilla wrote:

Chris Peterson wrote:
"Leonhard Euler proved 2,147,483,647 to be prime."

I'm pretty sure this is how anybody would look after engaging in such a mathematical exercise.

He looks bald! Maybe he didn't like his head getting cold.

"Mad" is the word I'd use. And I don't mean angry.

• "Maps" is the word I'd use.

• but Euler rather blamed the painstaking work on cartography
  he performed for the St. Petersburg Academy for his condition."

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranus%27_moons wrote:

[b][color=#0000FF]Alexander Pope (21 May 1688 – 30 May 1744)[/color][/b]

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<<The first two Uranian moons, discovered in 1787, did not receive names until 1852, a year after two more moons had been discovered. The responsibility for naming was taken by John Herschel, son of the discoverer of Uranus. Herschel, instead of assigning names from Greek mythology, named the moons after magical spirits in English literature: the fairies Oberon and Titania from William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, and the sylphs Ariel and Umbriel from Alexander Pope's The Rape of the Lock (Ariel is also a sprite in Shakespeare's The Tempest). The reasoning was presumably that Uranus, as god of the sky and air, would be attended by spirits of the air. Subsequent names, rather than continuing the airy spirits theme (only Puck and Mab continued the trend), have focused on Herschel's source material. In 1949, the fifth moon, Miranda, was named by its discoverer Gerard Kuiper after a thoroughly mortal character in Shakespeare's The Tempest. The current IAU practice is to name moons after characters from Shakespeare's plays and The Rape of the Lock (although at present only Ariel, Umbriel, and Belinda have names drawn from the latter; all the rest are from Shakespeare). At first, the outermost moons were all named after characters from one play, The Tempest; but with Margaret being named from Much Ado About Nothing that trend has ended.>>

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler wrote:

Click to play embedded YouTube video.

<<Leonhard Euler (15 April 1707 – 18 September 1783) was a pioneering Swiss mathematician and physicist. He made important discoveries in fields as diverse as infinitesimal calculus and graph theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function. Euler is considered to be the pre-eminent mathematician of the 18th century and one of the greatest mathematicians ever. Euler worked in almost all areas of mathematics: geometry, infinitesimal calculus, trigonometry, algebra, and number theory, as well as continuum physics, lunar theory and other areas of physics. He is a seminal figure in the history of mathematics; if printed, his works, many of which are of fundamental interest, would occupy between 60 and 80 quarto volumes. Euler's name is associated with a large number of topics.

Euler is the only mathematician to have two numbers named after him: the immensely important Euler's Number in calculus, e, approximately equal to 2.71828, and the Euler-Mascheroni Constant γ (gamma) sometimes referred to as just "Euler's constant", approximately equal to 0.57721. It is not known whether γ is rational or irrational. A statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics: "Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all."

Euler's eyesight worsened throughout his mathematical career. Three years after suffering a near-fatal fever in 1735, he became almost blind in his right eye, but Euler rather blamed the painstaking work on cartography he performed for the St. Petersburg Academy for his condition. Euler's vision in that eye worsened throughout his stay in Germany, to the extent that Frederick referred to him as "Cyclops". Euler later developed a cataract in his left eye, rendering him almost totally blind a few weeks after its discovery in 1766. However, his condition appeared to have little effect on his productivity, as he compensated for it with his mental calculation skills and exquisite memory. For example, Euler could repeat the Aeneid of Virgil from beginning to end without hesitation, and for every page in the edition he could indicate which line was the first and which the last. With the aid of his scribes, Euler's productivity on many areas of study actually increased. He produced on average, one mathematical paper every week in the year 1775 (at age 68 ).>>

geckzilla wrote:
Maybe his duck fell asleep on his abacus.

You'd learn to do calculations in your head if a duck kept falling asleep on your calculator.

owlice wrote:
A nice prime just popped up in the board stats: Total posts 133213 Pretty, hmm? Happens to be the 12433rd prime, and 12433 is (you know I wouldn't mention this otherwise) also prime.

It's not as fun as 132233, however. Why is that?

owlice wrote:
Ah, neufer, that's a nice one, too! 132241 is almost as much fun; I do like the number very much, but 132233 has a certain extra something about it that appeals to my inner child.

http://oeis.org/A108571 wrote:
Sequence: A108571: Any digit d in the sequence says: "I am part of an integer in which you'll find d digits "d".

1, 22, 122, 212, 221, 333, 1333, 3133, 3313, 3331, 4444, 14444, 22333, 23233, 23323, 23332, 32233, 32323, 32332, 33223, 33232, 33322, 41444, 44144, 44414, 44441, 55555, 122333, 123233, 123323, 123332, 132233, 132323, 132332, 133223, 133232

The sequence is finite. Last term: 999999999888888887777777666666555554444333221.

Number of terms is 66712890763701234740813164553708284.
- Zak Seidov, Jan 02 2007

http://oeis.org/A078348 wrote:
Sequence: A078348: Primes p such that every decimal digit d in p appears exactly d times.

3313, 3331, 32233, 32323, 33223, 123323, 132233, 223133, 223313, 223331, 231323, 233231, 312233, 321323, 323123, 3344443, 3434443, 3443443, 4434343, 4443433, 14334443, 14443343, 14443433, 31434443, 31443443, 33434441, 33555553

The sequence is finite. Last term: 99999999988888888777777766666655555444223343.
- Carlos Rivera, Nov 22 2002

Beyond wrote:
Even though "0" isn't a number, it seems to describe itself pretty well.

• That's debatable:

• King Lear Act 2, Scene 2

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_number wrote:

Click to view full size image

<<There is no universal agreement about whether to include zero in the set of natural numbers: some define the natural numbers to be the positive integers {1, 2, 3, ...}, while for others the term designates the non-negative integers {0, 1, 2, 3, ...}. The former definition is the traditional one, with the latter definition having first appeared in the 19th century.

The use of a 0 digit in place-value notation (within other numbers) dates back as early as 700 BC by the Babylonians, but they omitted such a digit when it would have been the last symbol in the number. The Olmec and Maya civilizations used 0 as a separate number as early as the 1st century BC, but this usage did not spread beyond Mesoamerica. The use of a numeral 0 in modern times originated with the Indian mathematician Brahmagupta in 628. However, 0 had been used as a number in the medieval computus (the calculation of the date of Easter), beginning with Dionysius Exiguus in 525, without being denoted by a numeral (standard Roman numerals do not have a symbol for 0); instead nulla or nullae, genitive of nullus, the Latin word for "none", was employed to denote a 0 value.

The first systematic study of numbers as abstractions (that is, as abstract entities) is usually credited to the Greek philosophers Pythagoras and Archimedes. Many Greek mathematicians did not consider 1 to be "a number", so to them 2 was the smallest number.

Several set-theoretical definitions of natural numbers were developed in the 19th century. With these definitions it was convenient to include 0 (corresponding to the empty set) as a natural number. Including 0 is now the common convention among set theorists, logicians, and computer scientists. Many other mathematicians also include 0, although some have kept the older tradition and take 1 to be the first natural number. The term counting number is also used to refer to the natural numbers (either including or excluding 0). Likewise, some authors use the term whole number to mean a natural number including 0; some use it to mean a natural number excluding 0; while others use it in a way that includes both 0 and the negative integers, as an equivalent of the term integer.>>

Beyond wrote:
So what is a "0" in binary, a spacer

neufer wrote:

Beyond wrote:
So what is a "0" in binary, a spacer :?:

It can acts as either a spacer or number in any base system.

Beyond wrote:So what is a "0" in binary, a spacer

Nitpicker wrote:

Beyond wrote:
So what is a "0" in binary, a spacer

Another way to look at this is to think of a byte (8 bits) of computer memory.

owlice wrote:Coming soon to Total topics, a pair of primes, 15971 and 15973.