Black Holes

[Doum]

Quote
"harry
Joined: 18 Nov 2005
Posts: 1931
Location: Sydney Australia
Posted: Thu Aug 17, 2006 9:22 am Post subject:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In two years time I'll put forward a model that incorporates.

The Big Bang theory
The string
The steady state
The recyclic
The plasma cosmology
The wave
Observations
and so on.

If I knew it was going to be so time consuming I would not have started.
But! now that I have started I cannot stop.
========================================="

So you are suppose to have it ready in august 2008 to present that new theory that incorporate all.
And now you say:

Quote May first 2008

"I think the Big Bang has about 12 mths of living, tops 24 mths and than its out. "

Are you asking for a delay?

Anyway!

I think that one thing that must be found is "What make mass exist." From nothing at the beginning, a univers is create and mass appear. If mass can be understand then yea at that moment the big bang might be rewriten or trown away in all for something new. I doubt that it will be a recycling univers. No need for any to eat a hat.

[Orca]

Harry, I was going to say...I think you've mentioned the "fall of BBT within a year" more than year ago...



Oh and by the way, shave your head OR eat your hat; there are a lot of UV's down under so you'll need one or the other!

[harry]

Hello All

Hello Doum and Orca

It will come,,,,,,,,,,,,,slowly but surely.

But! thank you for kicking me up the behind.

The wheels of change seems to be quite slow. In the last 12 months I have noticed lots of changes and people are questioning more and more.


Lucky my hat is chocolate.

[Doum]

No fair. He has a chocolate hat.

[harry]

G'day

Interesting reading, I posted it also to Galaxy Evolution.

Evidence that powerful radio jets have a profound influence on the evolution of galaxies

http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0409687
Authors: S. Rawlings, M. J. Jarvis
(Submitted on 28 Sep 2004)

Abstract: The relationships between supermassive black holes and the properties of their associated dark-matter halos imply that outflows from accreting black holes provide a feedback mechanism regulating galaxy formation. Accreting black holes with weak or undetectable radio jets (radio-quiet quasars) outnumber those with powerful jets (radio-loud quasars) by a factor ~10-100, so powerful-jet outflows are often neglected. However, whenever powerful jets are triggered, there is a dramatic (factor >100) step-function increase in the efficiency of feedback. We use a feedback model, together with the measured space density of flat-spectrum radio-loud quasars, to show that a powerful-jet episode probably occurred in every protocluster in the Universe. Before jet triggering, there was time for gravitational collapse to create many (~10-100) surrounding protogalaxies massive enough to host radio-quiet quasars. After triggering, the powerful jet pushes back and heats ionized gas so that it cannot fall onto these protogalaxies and cool. Once neutral/molecular gas reservoirs become exhausted, there is a synchronized shut down in both star-formation and black-hole activity throughout the protocluster. These considerations imply that radio-loud quasars have a profound influence on the evolution of all the galaxies seen in clusters today.

[Doum]

"Evidence that powerful radio jets have a profound influence on the evolution of galaxies "

You can also read it that way: Evidence that powerful radio jet from first black hole of the univers help start the creation of first galaxy in this early univers for 30 millions years.

From what i read it was at the beginning of the univers creation (The start of the big bang.) So those first black hole help to start the formation of those first galaxy in the univers and then after 30 millions years this process stop. And the new galaxy where create otherway after that i suppose. So the jet energy coming from the accretion disk of the first black hole of the univers start creating the first galaxy. Reading it is one thing. Conclude on it is way different. I can't.

Interresting if true.

[harry]

Hello Doum

You said

You can also read it that way: Evidence that powerful radio jet from first black hole of the univers help start the creation of first galaxy in this early univers for 30 millions years.

From what i read it was at the beginning of the univers creation (The start of the big bang.) So those first black hole help to start the formation of those first galaxy in the univers and then after 30 millions years this process stop. And the new galaxy where create otherway after that i suppose. So the jet energy coming from the accretion disk of the first black hole of the univers start creating the first galaxy. Reading it is one thing. Conclude on it is way different. I can't.

We can only work with the evidence at hand. Giving opinions of a theoretical theory can be read out of context. As per the BBT the so called black holes occured every where at the same time creating the known universe. This maybe correct and maybe not.

Finding out how the parts work will give us a better idea.

===========================================

The Role of Magnetic Fields on Astrophysical Jets
http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0505521

Authors: E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino (IAG-USP)
(Submitted on 25 May 2005)

Abstract: Highly collimated supersonic jets and less collimated outflows are observed to emerge from a wide variety of astrophysical objects. They are seen in young stellar objects (YSOs), proto-planetary nebulae, compact objects (such as galactic black holes or microquasars, and X-ray binary stars), and in the nuclei of active galaxies (AGNs). Despite their different physical scales (in size, velocity, and amount of energy transported), they have strong morphological similarities. What is the universal mechanism that can explain their origin? In this lecture, I briefly review the role that magnetic fields seem to play on the formation, structure, and propagation of these jets.

========================================

Black Holes in Astrophysics
http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0506078

Authors: Ramesh Narayan
(Submitted on 14 Jun 2005)

Abstract: This article reviews the current status of black hole astrophysics, focusing on topics of interest to a physics audience. Astronomers have discovered dozens of compact objects with masses greater than 3 solar masses, the likely maximum mass of a neutron star. These objects are identified as black hole candidates. Some of the candidates have masses of 5 to 20 solar masses and are found in X-ray binaries, while the rest have masses from a million to a billion solar masses and are found in galactic nuclei. A variety of methods are being tried to estimate the spin parameters of the candidate black holes. There is strong circumstantial evidence that many of the objects have event horizons. Recent MHD simulations of magnetized plasma accreting on rotating black holes seem to hint that relativistic jets may be produced by a magnetic analog of the Penrose process.

===========================================

Total and Jet Blandford-Znajek Power in Presence of Accretion Disk
http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0506367

Authors: Jonathan C. McKinney
(Submitted on 16 Jun 2005 (v1), last revised 15 Jul 2005 (this version, v2))

Abstract: A rotating black hole probably powers ultrarelativistic jets in gamma-ray bursts, relativistic jets from some active galactic nuclei, and jets from some black hole x-ray binaries. Prior estimates of the power output of a black hole have assumed an infinitely thin disk, a magnetic field based upon a slowly rotating black hole, and have not self-consistently determined the geometry or magnitude of the magnetic field for a realistic accretion disk. We provide useful formulae for the total and jet Blandford-Znajek (BZ) power and efficiency as determined self-consistently from general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic numerical models. Of all jet mechanisms, we suggest that only the BZ mechanism is able to produce an ultrarelativistic jet.

==========================================

Jet Formation in Black Hole Accretion Systems I: Theoretical Unification Model

http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0506368

Authors: Jonathan C. McKinney
(Submitted on 16 Jun 2005)

Abstract: Two types of relativistic jets are suggested to form near accreting black holes: a potentially ultrarelativistic Poynting-dominated jet and a Poynting-baryon jet. One source of jet matter is electron-positron pair production, which is driven by neutrino annihilation in GRBs and photon annihilation in AGN and x-ray binaries. GRB Poynting-dominated jets are also loaded by electron-proton pairs by the collisional cascade of Fick-diffused free neutrons. We show that, for the collapsar model, the neutrino-driven enthalpy flux (classic fireball model) is probably dominated by the Blandford-Znajek energy flux, which predicts a jet Lorentz factor of $\Gamma\sim 100-1000$. We show that radiatively inefficient AGN, such as M87, are synchrotron-cooling limited to $\Gamma\sim 2-10$. Radiatively efficient x-ray binaries, such as GRS1915+105, are Compton-drag limited to $\Gamma \lesssim 2$, but the jet may be destroyed by Compton drag. However, the Poynting-baryon jet is a collimated outflow with $\Gamma \sim 1-3$. The jet from radiatively efficient systems, such as microquasar GRS1915+105, may instead be a Poynting-baryon jet that is only relativistic when the disk is geometrically thick. In a companion paper, general relativistic hydromagnetic simulations of black hole accretion with pair creation are used to simulate jet formation in GRBs, AGN, and x-ray binaries.

=========================================

http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0510241

The jet power, radio loudness and black hole mass in radio loud AGNs

Authors: Yi Liu, Dong Rong Jiang, Min Feng Gu
(Submitted on 8 Oct 2005)

Abstract: The jet formation is thought to be closely connected with the mass of central supermassive black hole in Active Galactic Nuclei. The radio luminosity commonly used in investigating this issue is merely an indirect measure of the energy transported through the jets from the central engine, and severely Doppler boosted in core-dominated radio quasars. In this work, we investigate the relationship between the jet power and black hole mass, by estimating the jet power using extrapolated extended 151 MHz flux density from the VLA 5 GHz extended radio emission, for a sample of 146 radio loud quasars complied from literature. After removing the effect of relativistic beaming in the radio and optical emission, we find a significant intrinsic correlation between the jet power and black hole mass. It strongly implies that the jet power, so as jet formation, is closely connected with the black hole mass.To eliminate the beaming effect in the conventional radio loudness, we define a new radio loudness as the ratio of the radio extended luminosity to the optical luminosity estimated from the broad line luminosity.In a tentatively combined sample of radio quiet with our radio loud quasars, the apparent gap around the conventional radio loudness R=10 is not prominent for the new-defined radio loudness. In this combined sample, we find a significant correlation between the black hole mass and new-defined radio loudness.

=======================================

This is very interesting:

http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0511131

Rotating "Black Holes" with Holes in the Horizon

Authors: Alexander Burinskii, Emilio Elizalde, Sergi R. Hildebrandt, Giulio Magli
(Submitted on 24 Nov 2005 (v1), last revised 3 Jul 2006 (this version, v2))

Abstract: Kerr-Schild solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell field equations, containing semi-infinite axial singular lines, are investigated.
It is shown that axial singularities break up the black hole, forming holes in the horizon. As a result, a tube-like region appears which allows matter to escape from the interior without crossing the horizon. It is argued that axial singularities of this kind, leading to very narrow beams, can be created in black holes by external electromagnetic or gravitational excitations and may be at the origin of astrophysically observable effects such as jet formation.

==========================================

Within the next 10 years we may get close to understanding Jets and compacted degenerate matter.

[Doum]

From Harry last post,
"Within the next 10 years we may get close to understanding Jets and compacted degenerate matter."

LOL you realy intend to stay on for that long? It was in the next 12 to 24 months for a few years. What a change of evaluation. I'll try to stay on too then. But i doubt it.

[Doum]

http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0511131

That one intrigue me?

[Doum]

Those 2 are almost identical and one would be enough to post i suppose.

http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0506367

http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0506368

Now stop overloading me.

[harry]

Hello Doum

Mate I have been on this for decades.

Whats another 10 years?

Thats in reference to compacted matter and jets.

=======================================

The 24 mths is for the BBT to be out.

=======================================

Why does:

http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0511131

Interest you?

Is it because:

It is shown that axial singularities break up the black hole, forming holes in the horizon. As a result, a tube-like region appears which allows matter to escape from the interior without crossing the horizon. It is argued that axial singularities of this kind, leading to very narrow beams, can be created in black holes by external electromagnetic or gravitational excitations and may be at the origin of astrophysically observable effects such as jet formation

That is very interesting. Imagine the influence on modern cosmology if this was true.

====================================

Those two links are different in size.
http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0506367

http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0506368

====================================

Overload, whats that?

[Doum]

I come here to enjoy learning about astronomy. Not read all the link that are post here. For doing that mean to check it all if it's a correct one. And it will take a very long time if someone post the same link with a slight version of it. And then another link wich is the same as the 2 before and it's call version 3. One of them intrigue me cause it say a magnetic force can open an event horizon and releise energy. I dunno any magnetic energy that is strong enough to do so. So i'm intrigue to see what kind of magnetic energy can do that?

By the way you are suppose to show a theory that explain it all in august 2008 and you ask:

"Whats another 10 years?
Thats in reference to compacted matter and jets."

That compact matter is suppose to be include in your august 2008 theory . Bahhh dont bother about it. I and many other understand what it mean!!? As you also said earlyer.

Just maintaining the discussion here.

[harry]

G'day Doum

Links are for those who wish to read further.

As for the magnetic field.

I will post you some links later, quite interesting.

Just dropped in for a sec,,,,,,,,,,got to take the wife out.

[harry]

Hello Doum

Sorry for being slow, I forgot about it,,,,,,too busy

Here is the link:

If you are interested I will post others, if not just google for them.

http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0409441
Relativistic Jets from Accretion Disks

Authors: R.V.E. Lovelace, P.R. Gandhi, M.M. Romanova
(Submitted on 17 Sep 2004 (v1), last revised 17 Sep 2004 (this version, v2))

Abstract: The jets observed to emanate from many compact accreting objects may arise from the twisting of a magnetic field threading a differentially rotating accretion disk which acts to magnetically extract angular momentum and energy from the disk. Two main regimes have been discussed, hydromagnetic jets, which have a significant mass flux and have energy and angular momentum carried by both matter and electromagnetic field and, Poynting jets, where the mass flux is small and energy and angular momentum are carried predominantly by the electromagnetic field. Here, we describe recent theoretical work on the formation of relativistic Poynting jets from magnetized accretion disks. Further, we describe new relativistic, fully-electromagnetic, particle-in-cell simulations of the formation of jets from accretion disks. Analog Z-pinch experiments may help to understand the origin of astrophysical jets.

[Doum]

That link is about jets coming from the acretion disc of a blak hole. It is not about the possibilty of creating an hole in an event horizon. Those jets are not coming from the center of the black hole. Hmm so for now i am still quite sceptical.

Tought that something new (New discovery) was coming. Like a curl space time wave around a black hole decollapsing from the loop its in and thus allowing a few particle to escape. (It's a complete weird asumption i made to show you that we dont know how it is possible.)

Because for now i dont think that any magnetic field nor light or any wavelenght energy can escape a black hole. Because space time is curl around the black hole so there is no possibility to escape a close time loop. If it happen then it must be something new not yet tought by anyone.

So until something new come out i suppose we wait and continue to read.
And i have my own link on black hole so i'm ok for getting information on black hole.

[harry]

G'day Doum

Smile,,,,,,,

You said

Because for now i dont think that any magnetic field nor light or any wavelenght energy can escape a black hole. Because space time is curl around the black hole so there is no possibility to escape a close time loop. If it happen then it must be something new not yet tought by anyone.

Why do you think that?

What do you mean by Space Time is a curl?

=========================================


Magnetic cocoons power energetic cosmic rays
http://space.newscientist.com/article/dn12818

Quote:

Vast magnetic cocoons associated with galaxies whose black holes have stopped eating may be responsible for accelerating charged particles called cosmic rays to within a whisker of the speed of light.

NASA: Major Step Toward Knowing Origin of Cosmic Rays

http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/new ... _rays.html

Quote:
With Chandra’s high spatial resolution, the team monitored X-ray hot spots that brightened and faded in less than a year. In particular, a bright hot spot seen in July 2005 was invisible in both July 2000 and May 2006. Such rapid X-ray variability shows that particles are rapidly being produced and lost in a small region of space. Because these same hot spots barely moved from 2000 to 2006, Uchiyama and his colleagues could set an upper limit to the speed of the shock front: 10 million miles per hour. This result helped the team deduce the strength of the magnetic field.

Only one known process can explain the Chandra observations. Electrons must be spiraling along magnetic-field lines and radiating away their energy as so-called synchrotron radiation. For such a rapid increase and decrease in X-ray intensity, electrons must be accelerating and emitting synchrotron radiation in the presence of a magnetic field hundreds of times stronger than typical fields in interstellar space.

"Magnetic field strength lies at the heart of cosmic-ray acceleration theory," says Uchiyama. "Previous estimates of magnetic fields in supernova remnants were based on indirect arguments. In our study, we determine the magnetic field in a direct manner."



NASA Scientists Determine the Nature of Black Hole Jets
http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/new ... azars.html

Quote:

Black hole particle jets are commonly seen in quasars and other celestial objects, shooting off at nearly light speed. According to the Swift team, these jets appear to be made of protons and electrons, solving a mystery as old as the discovery of jets themselves in the 1970s. The jets observed by Swift contain about the mass of Jupiter if it were pulverized and blasted out into intergalactic space.

Black hole particle jets typically escape the confines of their host galaxies and flow for hundreds of thousands of light years. They are a primary means of redistributing matter and energy in the universe. They are a key to understanding galaxy formation and are tied to numerous cosmic mysteries, such as the origin of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays.

"Black hole jets are one of the great paradoxes in astronomy," said Rita Sambruna of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. "How is it that black holes, so efficient at pulling matter in, can also accelerate matter away at near light speed? We still don't know how these jets form, but at least we now have a solid idea about what they're made of."

Fornax A
http://www.nrao.edu/imagegallery/php/level3.php?id=501


Blowtorch Jet in NGC6251
http://www.nrao.edu/imagegallery/php/level3.php?id=513


Relativistic jets and beams in radio galaxies
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v2 ... 516a0.html

Quote:

RADIO-ASTRONOMICAL observations have recently clarified the link between the components of extended double sources and the primary power supply in the central galactic nucleus. The new data vindicate the general idea1−4 that power is continuously supplied by beams; it seems, furthermore, that the beams are collimated in a scale little larger than the central power supply ( 1 pc), and that the orientation remains fairly steady over the whole lifetime. The giant double source 3C236, 2 107 light yr in total extent5,6, has a compact central component aligned with the overall axis7; a similar phenomenon is observed in Cygnus A (ref. . In NGC6251, a straight jet 200 kpc long9 emanates from a 'blowtorch' 0.1 pc wide in the galactic nucleus10. There is a radio jet11 in 3C147 reminiscent of the well-known features in M87 and 3C273; and very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) reveals linear structure in several compact extragalactic sources12. It is argued here that collimation occurs close to a central collapsed object, and that the beams are orientated along its spin axis. Strong-field gravitational effects then stabilise the beams against jitter even if the gas fuelling the source has an inconstant flow pattern. Radio galaxies where the beam axis seems to have gradually drifted or swung, rather than pointing in a constant direction, may belong to a special class that have experienced collisions and recurrent nuclear activity.

[Doum]

Harry you ask:
Quote:
"Because for now i dont think that any magnetic field nor light or any wavelenght energy can escape a black hole. Because space time is curl around the black hole so there is no possibility to escape a close time loop. If it happen then it must be something new not yet tought by anyone.

Why do you think that? "

Why not. LOL. Nothing can escape a black hole once it enter it's event horizon.

Quote:
"What do you mean by Space Time is a curl?"

Iam trying to say with the english i know that in a blak hole, The intense gravity "bent,curve,curl or arc" the space time into circle. A close loop. (That's why i use the word curl. I suppose i could also use curve or arc or bent. The more gravity there is the more "space time" is deviate or bent or curl or curve or arc.

http://space.newscientist.com/article/dn12818

"Others think the mechanism is intriguing. "Given what we know now, I think [decaying magnetic fields] are the least implausible explanation of ultra-high energy cosmic rays," says Roger Blandford of Stanford University in California, US."


http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/new ... _rays.html
" Now, Yasunobu Uchiyama of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), and four colleagues, have observed the signature of the shock acceleration of electrons, and demonstrated that magnetic fields in supernova remnants are stronger than previously thought, and are thus fully capable of producing cosmic rays."

O.K.

http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/new ... azars.html

"The jets observed by Swift contain about the mass of Jupiter if it were pulverized and blasted out into intergalactic space."

The equivalent of one jupiter planet. What is it in comparison of hundred or thousands stars still inside the blak hole or falling in. Now they know that it is probably made of electron and proton. The entire jet corespond to a jupiter mass planet. It took thousands if not millions of years to create it. I wonder how many thousands stars have fallen in the black hole in all that period to have the equivalent of one jupiter mass expulse into space at high speed. Not a good ratio for a recicling.
But the beam energy help create star by energising the free hydrogen that is already in space. Gravity encounter between merging galaxy do it in a vastly bigger amount.

So nothing can escape or have escape a black hole yet.

[harry]

Hello Doum


Your right, the mass that is ejected by some monster jets is huge and actually reforms the galaxy and in some cases the cluster of galaxies.

Some jets will go for millions of light years.

I try to post other links with other information even though I do not agree with.

After reading hundreds of papers on Jets, it seems nobody knows how the jets are formed.

The one that I favor is expalined by Z-pinch dynamics. The reason being that Jets eject matter at close to the speed of light and in so doing must be driven by some mechanism.

[Doum]

"Your right, the mass that is ejected by some monster jets is huge and actually reforms the galaxy and in some cases the cluster of galaxies. "

I said that it was only the equivalent mass of a jupiter planet that was ejected over a a "few hundred thousand year". So the mass is not huge compare to the mass that this black hole had swallow over that same period of time. Black hole did form galaxy at the beginning. But a link post by you earlyer show that it doesnt anymore. That process stop after 30 millions of years. Black hole still influence the creation of a few stars tho.

[harry]

Hello Doum

If its possible for it to occur than it will occur again and again.

If matter is falling toards a so called black hole and that this falling matter creates the jet and ejects matter out.

What is the driving force that ejects matter at close to the speed of light?

Falling matter cannot achive the velocity to escape the pulling forces of the black hole.

Not only that, the waves coming out from a black hole flip over every so often. This can only be explained by the Z-pinch of the ultra dense degenerate plasma matter within the compacted core of the black hole. For this to occur a singularity cannot exist.

The plot thickens when many science papers although discuss that jets are formed from infalling matter, at the end of the day, they say it is still unknown.

It is an opinion and not a fact.

[Doum]

Harry this is ...

"Falling matter cannot achive the velocity to escape the pulling forces of the black hole. "

...right! Falling matter by itself dont have enough energy but this....

http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/0 ... lazar.html

Is a good research that explain it.

"A leading hypothesis suggested the black hole's gigantic mass distorts space and time around it, twisting magnetic field lines into a coil that propels material outward."

And

"Now researchers have observed a jet during a period of extreme outburst and found evidence that streams of particles wind a corkscrew path away from the black hole, as the leading hypothesis predicts."

So, the process seem to happen near the event horizon. But not from within the event horizon. I read that when matter get very close to the event horison it get superheated by the intense gravity wave, it heat up to a point where matter can exist only as particle (electron and proton.). That very fast spinning hot matter around the black hole is creating magnetic field. Like on earth magnetic field is create by its molten iron from the core spinning. But for a black hole it happen at a bigger scale.

This is that magnetic field that get "Curl" up out of the black hole.

Also you said...

"If its possible for it to occur than it will occur again and again. "

If you are talking about the equivalent mass of a planet being ejected? Then yes it is still happening. But it will need another few thousands years before the equivalent of another mass jupiter planet is ejected from that black hole. While it will happen, many more mass will be falling in the black hole.

And last...
"This can only be explained by the Z-pinch of the ultra dense degenerate plasma matter within the compacted core of the black hole."

Again read the link that say another way of how it can be explain. It's up here in this post. It's quite different then your. It look like tho.

Just maintaining the discussion here.

[harry]

Hello Doum

You said

"Now researchers have observed a jet during a period of extreme outburst and found evidence that streams of particles wind a corkscrew path away from the black hole, as the leading hypothesis predicts."

I agree that in the past this was the main opinion.

Yes you do have streams of particles wind a screw parthway, but its more to that than meets the EYE.

At this moment I'm reading through some 650 papers of the so called black holes and jets. It will take me another few more weeks to complete and than some to understand. Darn, I should have taken up tennis or ladies.

So far nobody can explain what is happening. They are all wandering what can make matter reach close to the speed of light. Not only that, the corkscrew changes direction as in the SPIN, but keeping the jet stream in a straight line.

[Doum]

Harry you said:

"I agree that in the past this was the main opinion"

I dont think that april 2008 is that far in the past.

And you also said again:
"So far nobody can explain what is happening."

Well again look at this link that say otherwise. It have an explanation that is different then your:

http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/0 ... lazar.html

You may not like it, but it is there! So you can say that you dont agree with it and why but dont say that there are no other explanation. This is another one and many more might come soon.

If you can denied this one then everyone can denied your explanation.

[harry]

Hello Doum

Scientists may express an opinion as to explain what is happening. But nobody can expalin what is happening.

We all express an opinion.

As for the link

Powerful Black Hole Jet Explained
By Clara Moskowitz
http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/0 ... lazar.html

These data support the suggestion that twisted magnetic field lines are creating the jet plumes. Material in the center of the galaxy, such as nearby stars and gas, gets pulled in by the black hole's overwhelming gravity and forms a disk orbiting around the core (the material's inertia keeps it spiraling in a disk rather than falling straight into the black hole). The distorted magnetic field lines seem to pull charged particles off the disk and cause them to gush outward at nearly the speed of light.

Twisted magnetic fields is correct, as to its formation many think it is via z-pinch.

The question is:

Does the main drive Z-pinch occurs external to the compacted core (BH) or within the core?

If it occurs outside, there is a problem of keeping a stable jet stream with all the gravitational/electromagnetic forces by the BH and surrounding quarsar and most probably a few large black holes that live in most galaxies such as the swam within the milky way.

If the core (BH) creates this jet stream than it will have the twisted magnetic field formed and driven by the Z-pinch. The Twisted magnetic fields are not influenced by the BH if produced within the core.

Whats right? Who knows? I would keep my options open.
I'm still reading through a few hundred papers on Jets.

I hope in the next few years with the extra large telescope being placed out there would give us more info.

Hey! Its only an opinion.

If I had time this Sunday I would go to a BH and look.

[Doum]

"harry Posted: Wed May 14, 2008 1:06 pm"

Not only that, the waves coming out from a black hole flip over every so often. This can only be explained by the Z-pinch of the ultra dense degenerate plasma matter within the compacted core of the black hole. For this to occur a singularity cannot exist.

But from your post here:
Rotating “Black Holes” with Holes in the Horizon

Conclusions.– From the analysis above, we conclude
that the aligned excitations of the rotating black hole
(or naked rotating source) lead, unavoidably, to the appearance
of axial singularities accompanied by outgoing
traveling waves and also to the formation of holes at the
horizon, which can lead on its turn to the production of
astrophysical jets [4].

So does singularity exist or not. Can that axial singularity make an event horizon look like a ball golf with small bump but no hole? If so better have a big bang to hit that ball.

Why should a Z pinches be consider here? Does it apply to an accretion disk? We did'nt create much "control nuclear fusion" here on earth yet with it. Hmm let see what is coming.