Voyager I and II

[saturno2]

Voyager 1 and 2
Distance from the Sun ( now)
Voyager 1 / 18.8 billion of km
Voyager 2 / 15.4 billion of km

[saturno2]

It is the humanity
further of the humanity
It is the life
in contact with the stars.
The evolution of the technique
applied in two spacecraft
Voyager 1 and 2
that, wich piano
that emitting beautiful musical notes
they radiate
love and intelligence
through sideral space.
Two jewels carry
are gold records
with a sample of the knowledge
of the homo sapiens.
Of the Solar System
in the edges
between the solar wind
and the stars.
Transmiting with low energy
wich colossal athete
of a galactic marathon
Voyager 1 and 2 maintain the expectancy
of an alien encounter
for to know that we are not
so alone
so alone
in the inmensity of the Universe... // By saturno2

[saturno2]

Distance from the Sun to Voyager 2, now:
15.58 billion kms

[saturno2]

The pass of Voyager 2 near of Jupiter
was in july 1979.
The work of Voyager 2 is very important
for the study of Jupiter by Juno spacecraft
in 2016.

[saturno2]

Voyager 2
Distance from the Sun, now
15,76 billion km

[bystander]

Voyager spacecraft might not have reached interstellar space
American Geophysical Union | University of Michigan | 2014 July 23

The heliosphere, in which the Sun and planets reside, is a large bubble inflated from the inside by the high-speed solar wind blowing out from the Sun. Pressure from the solar wind, along with pressure from the surrounding interstellar medium, determines the size and shape of the heliosphere. The supersonic flow of solar wind abruptly slows at the termination shock, the innermost boundary of the solar system. The edge of the solar system is the heliopause. The bow shock pushes ahead through the interstellar medium as the heliosphere plows through the galaxy. [b][i]Credit: Southwest Research Institute[/i][/b]

---

In 2012, the Voyager mission team announced that the Voyager 1 spacecraft had passed into interstellar space, traveling further from Earth than any other manmade object.

But, in the nearly two years since that historic announcement, and despite subsequent observations backing it up, uncertainty about whether Voyager 1 really crossed the threshold continues. There are some scientists who say that the spacecraft is still within the heliosphere – the region of space dominated by the Sun and its wind of energetic particles – and has not yet reached the space between the stars.

Now, two Voyager team scientists have developed a test that they say could prove once and for all if Voyager 1 has crossed the boundary. The new test is outlined in a study accepted for publication in Geophysical Research Letters, a journal of the American Geophysical Union.

The scientists predict that, in the next two years, Voyager 1 will cross the current sheet – the sprawling surface within the heliosphere where the polarity of the sun’s magnetic field changes from plus to minus. The spacecraft will detect a reversal in the magnetic field, proving that it is still within the heliosphere. But, if the magnetic field reversal doesn’t happen in the next year or two as expected, that is confirmation that Voyager 1 has already passed into interstellar space. ...

A test for whether or not Voyager 1 has crossed the heliopause - G. Gloeckler, L. A. Fisk

• Geophysical Research Letters 2014 (accepted) DOI: 10.1002/2014GL060781

On Whether or Not Voyager 1 has Crossed the Heliopause - L. A. Fisk, G. Gloeckler

• Astrophysical Journal 789(1) 41 (2014 July 01) DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/789/1/41

[saturno2]

Voyager 2
Now
Distance from the Sun 15.81 billion km
Speed relative to the Sun 15.86 Km/sec

[bystander]

Voyager: 'Tsunami Wave' Still Flies Through Interstellar Space
NASA | JPL Caltech | Voyager | 2014 Dec 15

Click to play embedded YouTube video.

• The Voyager 1 spacecraft has experienced three shock waves
• The most recent shock wave, first observed in February 2014, still appears to be going on
• One wave, previously reported, helped researchers determine that Voyager 1 had entered interstellar space

The "tsunami wave" that NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft began experiencing earlier this year is still propagating outward, according to new results. It is the longest-lasting shock wave that researchers have seen in interstellar space. ...

This is the third shock wave that Voyager 1 has experienced. The first event was in October to November of 2012, and the second wave in April to May of 2013 revealed an even higher plasma density. Voyager 1 detected the most recent event in February, and it is still going on as of November data. The spacecraft has moved outward 250 million miles (400 million kilometers) during the third event. ...

[saturno2]

bystander, thank you for this important note.

[saturno2]

Voyager 2
Roundtrip light time from Earth
29 hh 58 mm 08 ss

[bystander]

Voyager 1 Helps Solve Interstellar Medium Mystery
NASA | JPL-Caltech | 2015 Oct 29

[img3="This artist's concept shows NASA's Voyager spacecraft against a backdrop of stars. (Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech)"]http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/images/voyager/ ... 049-16.jpg[/img3][hr][/hr]

NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft made history in 2012 by entering interstellar space, leaving the planets and the solar wind behind. But observations from the pioneering probe were puzzling with regard to the magnetic field around it, as they differed from what scientists derived from observations by other spacecraft.

A new study offers fresh insights into this mystery. Writing in the Astrophysical Journal Letters, Nathan Schwadron of the University of New Hampshire, Durham, and colleagues reanalyzed magnetic field data from Voyager 1 and found that the direction of the magnetic field has been slowly turning ever since the spacecraft crossed into interstellar space. They believe this is an effect of the nearby boundary of the solar wind, a stream of charged particles that comes from the sun.

"This study provides very strong evidence that Voyager 1 is in a region where the magnetic field is being deflected by the solar wind," said Schwadron, lead author of the study.

Researchers predict that in 10 years Voyager 1 will reach a more "pristine" region of the interstellar medium where the solar wind does not significantly influence the magnetic field.

Voyager 1's crossing into interstellar space meant it had left the heliosphere -- the bubble of solar wind surrounding our sun and the planets. Observations from Voyager's instruments found that the particle density was 40 times greater outside this boundary than inside, confirming that it had indeed left the heliosphere.

But so far, Voyager 1's observation of the direction of the local interstellar magnetic field is more than 40 degrees off from what other spacecraft have determined. The new study suggests this discrepancy exists because Voyager 1 is in a more distorted magnetic field just outside the heliopause, which is the boundary between the solar wind and the interstellar medium. ...

Study Solves Mysteries of Voyager 1's Journey into Interstellar Space
University of New Hampshire | Earth, Oceans, and Space | 2015 Oct 29

Triangulation of the Interstellar Magnetic Field - N. A. Schwadron et al

• Astrophysical Journal Letters 813(1):L20 (2015 Nov 01) DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/813/1/L20

http://asterisk.apod.com/viewtopic.php?p=249393#p249393

[saturno2]

Voyager 1 Now
Distance from Sun
19.9 billion of Km
Distance from Earth
18 h 35 m 12,5 s ( Light hours )

[saturno2]

Distance from the Sun, Now
Voyager 1 20,089,475,000 km
Voyager2 16,540,995,000 km

[bystander]

35 Years On, Voyager's Legacy Continues at Saturn
NASA | JPL-Caltech | Voyager | 2016 Aug 24

[img3="This psychedelic false-color view of Saturn from Voyager 2 reveals structure in the planet's banded clouds. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech"]http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/jpeg/PIA03152.jpg[/img3][hr][/hr]

Saturn, with its alluring rings and numerous moons, has long fascinated stargazers and scientists. After an initial flyby of Pioneer 11 in 1979, humanity got a second, much closer look at this complex planetary system in the early 1980s through the eyes of NASA's twin Voyager spacecraft.

Voyager 2 made its closest approach to Saturn 35 years ago -- on Aug. 25, 1981. What the Voyagers revealed at the planet was so phenomenal that, just one year later, a joint American and European working group began discussing a mission that would carry on Voyager's legacy at Saturn. That mission -- named Cassini -- has been studying the Saturn system since 2004. Cassini has followed up on many of Voyager's discoveries, and has deepened our understanding of what some might call a "mini solar system."

"Saturn, like all of the planets the Voyagers visited, was full of exciting discoveries and surprises," said Ed Stone, Voyager project scientist at Caltech in Pasadena, California. "By giving us unprecedented views of the Saturn system, Voyager gave us plenty of reasons to go back for a closer look." ...

[bystander]

Uranus May Have Two Undiscovered Moons
NASA | JPL-Caltech | Voyager 2 | 2016 Oct 21

[img3="Uranus is seen in this false-color view from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope from August 2003. The brightness of the planet's faint rings and dark moons has been enhanced for visibility. Credits: NASA/Erich Karkoschka (Univ. Arizona)"]http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/imag ... ll_jpg.jpg[/img3][hr][/hr]

NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft flew by Uranus 30 years ago, but researchers are still making discoveries from the data it gathered then. A new study led by University of Idaho researchers suggests there could be two tiny, previously undiscovered moonlets orbiting near two of the planet's rings.

Rob Chancia, a University of Idaho doctoral student, spotted key patterns in the rings while examining decades-old images of Uranus' icy rings taken by Voyager 2 in 1986. He noticed the amount of ring material on the edge of the alpha ring -- one of the brightest of Uranus' multiple rings -- varied periodically. A similar, even more promising pattern occurred in the same part of the neighboring beta ring.

"When you look at this pattern in different places around the ring, the wavelength is different -- that points to something changing as you go around the ring. There's something breaking the symmetry," said Matt Hedman, an assistant professor of physics at the University of Idaho, who worked with Chancia to investigate the finding. ...

Chancia and Hedman are well-versed in the physics of planetary rings: both study Saturn's rings using data from NASA's Cassini spacecraft, which is currently orbiting Saturn. Data from Cassini have yielded new ideas about how rings behave, and a grant from NASA allowed Chancia and Hedman to examine Uranus data gathered by Voyager 2 in a new light. Specifically, they analyzed radio occultations -- made when Voyager 2 sent radio waves through the rings to be detected back on Earth -- and stellar occultations, made when the spacecraft measured the light of background stars shining through the rings, which helps reveal how much material they contain.

They found the pattern in Uranus' rings was similar to moon-related structures in Saturn's rings called moonlet wakes.

The researchers estimate the hypothesized moonlets in Uranus' rings would be 2 to 9 miles (4 to 14 kilometers) in diameter -- as small as some identified moons of Saturn, but smaller than any of Uranus' known moons. Uranian moons are especially hard to spot because their surfaces are covered in dark material. ...

Uranus May Have Tiny, Undiscovered Moons
University of Idaho | 2016 Oct 21

Are there moonlets near Uranus' alpha and beta rings? - R. O. Chancia, M. M. Hedman

• arXiv.org > astro-ph > arXiv:1610.02376 > 07 Oct 2016

[saturno2]

Voyager 2 mission was very very important
in the investigation of Jupiter, Saturn,
Uranus and Neptune planets.

[bystander]

"The Farthest - Voyager in Space"
Public Broadcasting System | 2017 Jul 10

---

PBS has announced that “The Farthest - Voyager in Space,” a two-hour special about NASA’s historic Voyager mission to explore our solar system and beyond, will premiere nationally on August 23 at 9:00 p.m. ET on PBS stations, in conjunction with the 40th anniversary of the first Voyager launch. The documentary was an official selection in the 2017 Tribeca Film Festival as part of the festival’s Viewpoints program.

With participation from more than 20 of the original and current mission scientists, engineers and team members, “The Farthest - Voyager in Space” tells captivating tales of one of humanity’s greatest achievements in exploration. From supermarket aluminum foil added at the last minute to protect the craft from radiation; to the near disasters at launch; to the emergency maneuvers to fix a crucial frozen instrument platform, viewers get a sense of how difficult -- and rewarding -- space exploration can be.

Featuring a soundtrack of evocative period music including songs from Pink Floyd, stunning cinematography, vivid CGI animations of Voyager traversing the solar system, and original groundbreaking photographs taken by the twin spacecraft, the film tells the story of one of humanity’s most ambitious scientific endeavors. Voyager revolutionized planetary science, resolved key questions about the outer planets and raised intriguing new ones about the evolution of our solar system. Originally approved to travel only to Saturn and Jupiter, the spacecraft used gravity-assisted slingshot trajectories to take advantage of a once-in-176-year planetary alignment to extend their missions, with Voyager 2 also extending its mission to visit Uranus and Neptune. ...

[Case]

PBS: The Farthest - Voyager in Space

We're sorry, but this video is not available in your region due to right restrictions.
Is it the same trailer as https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=znTdk_de_K8 ?

[neufer]

PBS: The Farthest - Voyager in Space

We're sorry, but this video is not available in your region due to right restrictions.

Is it the same trailer as https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=znTdk_de_K8 ?

It's very similar but different.

(The X rated version, perhaps, with words like Holy-Moly.)

[saturno2]

PBS: The Farthest - Voyager in Space

We're sorry, but this video is not available in your region due to right restrictions.
Is it the same trailer as https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=znTdk_de_K8 ?

It is true. This video is not available in my region.
I cant not to see this important video

[bystander]

Voyager Still Reaching for the Stars After 40 Years
NASA | JPL-Caltech | Voyager | 2017 Jul 31

Humanity’s farthest and longest-lived spacecraft, Voyager 1 and 2, achieve 40 years of operation and exploration this August and September. Despite their vast distance, they continue to communicate with NASA daily, still probing the final frontier.

Their story has not only impacted generations of current and future scientists and engineers, but also Earth’s culture, including film, art and music. Each spacecraft carries a Golden Record of Earth sounds, pictures and messages. Since the spacecraft could last billions of years, these circular time capsules could one day be the only traces of human civilization. ...

The Voyagers have set numerous records in their unparalleled journeys. In 2012, Voyager 1, which launched on Sept. 5, 1977, became the only spacecraft to have entered interstellar space. Voyager 2, launched on Aug. 20, 1977, is the only spacecraft to have flown by all four outer planets – Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Their numerous planetary encounters include discovering the first active volcanoes beyond Earth, on Jupiter’s moon Io; hints of a subsurface ocean on Jupiter’s moon Europa; the most Earth-like atmosphere in the solar system, on Saturn’s moon Titan; the jumbled-up, icy moon Miranda at Uranus; and icy-cold geysers on Neptune's moon Triton.

Though the spacecraft have left the planets far behind – and neither will come remotely close to another star for 40,000 years – the two probes still send back observations about conditions where our Sun's influence diminishes and interstellar space begins. ...

First and Farthest: How the Voyagers Blazed Trails
NASA | JPL-Caltech | Voyager | 2017 Jul 31

[saturno2]

And the path continues and the representatives of humanity
are further still...

[neufer]

And the path continues and the representatives of humanity are further still...

---

<<Kurt Josef Waldheim (21 December 1918 – 14 June 2007) was the fourth Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1972 to 1981. Waldheim and then-U.S. President Jimmy Carter both prepared written statements for inclusion on the Voyager Golden Records. While Waldheim was running for president in Austria in 1985, the revelation of his service in Thessaloniki, Greece as an intelligence officer in the Wehrmacht during World War II raised international controversy. Three weeks after the German annexation of Austria in 1938, Waldheim applied for membership in the National Socialist German Students' League, a division of the Nazi Party. In early 1941, Waldheim was drafted into the Wehrmacht and posted to the Eastern Front where he served as a squad leader. In December of that year, he was wounded but he returned to service in 1942. Much historical interest has centered on Waldheim's role in Operation Kozara in 1942. According to one post-war investigator, prisoners were routinely shot within only a few hundred meters of Waldheim's office, and just 35 km away at the Jasenovac concentration camp. Waldheim denied that he knew war crimes were taking place in Bosnia at the height of the battles between the Nazis and Tito's partisans in 1943. According to Eli Rosenbaum, in 1944, Waldheim reviewed and approved a packet of anti-Semitic propaganda leaflets to be dropped behind Soviet lines, one of which ended: "Enough of the Jewish war, kill the Jews, come over.">>

<<Contact is a 1985 hard science fiction novel by Voyager Golden Record director Carl Sagan. Eleanor Arroway becomes the director of "Project Argus", a radiotelescope array in New Mexico dedicated to the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI). This puts her at odds with most of the scientific community, including Drumlin, who tries to have the funding to SETI cut off. To his surprise, the project discovers a signal containing a series of prime numbers coming from the Vega system 26 light years away. Further analysis reveals information in the polarization modulation of the signal. This message is a retransmission of Adolf Hitler's opening speech at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin; the first television signal powerful enough to escape Earth's ionosphere.>>

[saturno2]

NASA wrote:
" Where are the Voyagers now?
Voyager 1 is in < Interstellar space > and Voyager 2 is currently
in the < Heliosheath > - the outermost layer of the heliosphere
where the solar wind is slowed by the pressure of interstellar gas."

[bystander]

The Voyager spacecraft: 40 years in space, surreal solar system discoveries
University of Colorado, Boulder | 2017 Aug 31

In 1977, two NASA space probes destined to forever upend our view of the solar system launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida.

The identical spacecraft, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2, took off in in August and September 40 years ago and were programmed to pass by Jupiter and Saturn on different paths. Voyager 2 went on to visit Uranus and Neptune, completing NASA’s “Grand Tour of the Solar System,” perhaps the most exhilarating interplanetary mission ever flown. ...

The Legacy of NASA’s Voyager Mission
NASA Planetary Science Division | 2017 Aug 31

NASA and Iconic Museum Honor Voyager Spacecraft 40th Anniversary
NASA | Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum | 2017 Aug 30

An Insider's Guide to Voyager: 1977-2017
NASA | JPL-Caltech | 2017 Aug 17

Two Voyagers Taught Us How to Listen to Space
NASA | JPL-Caltech | 2017 Aug 02