Polar Ring Galaxy NGC 660 (APOD 2009 Dec 3)

[neufer]

http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap091203.html

Polar ring galaxies and dark matter

<<In general all disk galaxies obey the Tully-Fisher relation between their luminosity L and their rotational velocity V: L = k V⁴. The green line represents this relation on Figure 4 (each green point represents a normal galaxy). In contrast, polar rings do not obey this relation (see blue symbols on Figure 4). For a given luminosity, polar rings rotate faster than host galaxies. The rotational velocity is larger in the polar ring plane than in the equatorial host disk. This indicates that more mass is present in or along polar rings than in host galaxies, while the visible mass in polar rings is smaller than in host galaxies. The comparison of these data with numerical models shows that the only explanation is that the dark matter halo is flattened towards the polar ring.


Figure 4 - Relation between luminosity and rotational velocity for polar ring galaxies (blue symbols). Horizontaly, the velocity of the ring is shown (log of velocity), and Vertically the magnitude (2.5 x log of luminosity). The so-called Tully-Fisher relation for normal galaxies is shown by the green line; each green point is a normal galaxy. Host galaxies do verify this relation; polar rings do not and have larger rotational velocities than host galaxies, for a given luminosity.

The flattening of dark halos along polar rings can be confronted with the formation mechanism of polar rings. It has been shown that polar rings are formed during the tidal interaction of two galaxies, and the subsequent mass exchange between the two galaxies. The only solution to form a dark matter halo flattened along the polar ring, is that a large part of the dark matter is cold gas. This gas would be transfered from a galaxy to the polar ring, as is the case for the visible interstellar gas that is observed in polar rings. The dark halo would then be flattened along the plane of the polar ring. Around normal spiral galaxies, as our own, large quantities of cold gas would then be present, even if not observed, and would represent part of the dark matter of the Universe.

Figure 3 - Numerical simulation of the formation of a polar ring during the interaction of two galaxies. At the beginning, the future host galaxy (at the center) is a normal spiral galaxy. Another galaxy interacts with it, even if no merger occurs. Tidal forces are so strong that a part of the second galaxy is captured by the host galaxy and winds up around the host disk, to form the polar ring. The companion galaxy, after having lost most of its gas, escapes and runs away from the host. >>

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Art Neuendorffer (former junior classmate of R. Brent Tully & J. Richard Fisher)

[bystander]

Polar Ring Galaxy NGC 2685 - 2007 February 16
Polar Ring Galaxy NGC 4650A - May 10, 1999

[Gecko23]

This is a beautiful APOD. When I viewed it at full size, I noticed this object. It's right at the top of the image, close to the middle. Does anyone have an explanation for what it might be?

[geckzilla]

Are you talking about the faint, figure 8 structure coming out of the star? Maybe you should circle what you are talking about, if not.

[Gecko23]

Are you talking about the faint, figure 8 structure coming out of the star? Maybe you should circle what you are talking about, if not.

Yeah, that's what I'm wondering about.

[jerbil]

Would someone please inform me as to how to "encircle" an APOD object in the manner effected so adroitly?

[Chris Peterson]

Would someone please inform me as to how to "encircle" an APOD object in the manner effected so adroitly?

You download the original image, crop and annotate it as desired using an image editing tool like Photoshop, and then embed it in a new post- either by attaching it directly to your post or by uploading it to another site and providing a link.

[geckzilla]

Just as a note since it's a recent change, only users with at least 10 posts will be able to attach files or use a signature. It's nothing personal, it's just more anti-spam tactics. I hope ten isn't too many.

[Radar Blue]

http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap091203.html

Polar ring galaxies and dark matter


The flattening of dark halos along polar rings can be confronted with the formation mechanism of polar rings. It has been shown that polar rings are formed during the tidal interaction of two galaxies, and the subsequent mass exchange between the two galaxies. The only solution to form a dark matter halo flattened along the polar ring, is that a large part of the dark matter is cold gas. This gas would be transfered from a galaxy to the polar ring, as is the case for the visible interstellar gas that is observed in polar rings. The dark halo would then be flattened along the plane of the polar ring. Around normal spiral galaxies, as our own, large quantities of cold gas would then be present, even if not observed, and would represent part of the dark matter of the Universe.

A beautiful picture of a hybrid Galaxy formation.
In cases like this, how does Hubbles Law apply,
that everything moves away from eachother, since the Big Bang ?

It is said that a galaxy mass is approximately uniform, compared to one another.
This means that the cores are of same galactic mass
and of correponding magnitude to evoke these types of reactions.
If a cluster like this one, host NGC660 protodisk has a neutron star potential
of fulfilling a larger material import.
The passing galaxy may be old and brittle, but is rich in molecules and weak on Z boson power.
I would presume the galactic formations have different behaviours
according to state of development, axis position, rising or falling energy in level.
And the assembly of the neutron star, black hole engines in the core.

http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_q ... .384...50A



In this display we know nothing of the captured Polar Ring Galaxy state.
It might be intergration but also extractation of inner protodisk materials.
The incoming galaxy saw cutter looks shurely bigger than the non moving NGC660. . .
The dark matter is a factor subtracted from the fact that the Polar rings
move too fast for sentrifuge to keep gravity grasp of outer particle layer
so the dark matter holds it firmly from outside like a toroid wall.

If that is proposed, I object.
How can dark matter be better quality gravity at long distances, and none at short distances.
Outside the light (in the cold). What could possibly hold the dark matter in place ?
Does any experiment support dark matter. Even in short vacuum distances.
When we understand conventional matter, the dark matter will resolve itself.
I personally think that dark matter is mistaken for inverted power oscillations from vibrating planets or stellar entity.
Particle Per Connected Mass, allows centrifuce of paricle dynamic triangulate at lowest power, with light ray matrix in a interference pattern. This creates a negative charge in vaccum outside and a positive charge inside the galaxy bubble. The power of light overthrows the big power by scale (PPCM - gravity), and result in resonance advantage at certain intervals, with this confines the radial shapes, and perimeters.

What I find extra facinating is the organisation in bands of matter around the core.
Polar ring shape. It does not organize like a spheric ball. But in cirkular linear shape.
Id say the squeeze traction is electrically conducted in ion and electron clouds, refracted by gamma in outer exo layers.
Outside the galaxy bubble, it may be a invert phase vacuum polarity shield, is the galaxy perimeter.
One can see in NGC 660 that the outer blue fadeout is the polar ring in red and black, the same material is on the main host galaxy, weaving into level of host dynamic medium, who is yellow and white. It looks like the core is not affected at all, although considerably smaller than the colliding galaxy. So why not a passing distant galaxy, moving in Y plane. drawing out mas from the dense host core, maybe never even touching it, but radiating mass loose by its tremendous gravity. Where is the impact galaxy or the passing galaxy ? Can anything be traced in that trajectory ?