Non-Expanding Universe?

[harry]

G'day from the land of ozzzzz

Non-Expanding Universe?

For the last 80 years there has been a discussion on whether the universe is expanding or not.

Ever since Hubble brought in the velocity/redshift we have been told that the universe is expanding without question and has become the standard model.

This paper is simple and yet to the point.

http://arxiv.org/abs/0908.1539
The case for a non-expanding universe

Authors: Antonio Alfonso-Faus
(Submitted on 11 Aug 2009)

Abstract: We present the results of two empirical constancies: the fine structure constant and the Rydberg constant. When the speed of light c is taken away from the fine structure constant, as shown elsewhere, this constancy implies the constancy of the ratio e^2/h, e the charge of the electron and h Planck constant. This forces the charge of the electron e to be constant as long as the action h (an angular momentum) is a true constant too. Then the constancy of the Rydberg expression implies that the momentum mc is also a true constant. This is just the second law of Newton. The Compton wavelength, h/mc, is then a true constant and there is no expansion at the quantum mechanical level. General relativity then predicts that the universe is not expanding. It is the only solution for cosmology. The time variation of the speed of light explains the observed red shift.

[bystander]

OK, I see. The universe is not expanding, it's just that time (and therefore the speed of light, c) is inconstant. But if c is inconstant, how are mc and h/mc constant? For that matter, if time is inconstant, how is h constant?

Is it just me, or is there something wrong with this picture? Do these people ever stop to think about what they are saying?

Enquiring minds want to know.

[Chris Peterson]

This paper is simple and yet to the point.

http://arxiv.org/abs/0908.1539
The case for a non-expanding universe

This paper demonstrates that anybody can play games with the math and get any sort of results. But what about results that correspond with evidence? Redshift is far from the only observational evidence supporting the idea that the Universe is expanding.

Arxiv.org is a useful place for authors to put out early information about their work. But important work will hold up to peer review and show up in proper scientific journals. This particular author seems to use arxiv.org as his primary publisher, and I notice that citations referencing his work are scarce. These are good reasons to view this paper (and this author) with a good deal of skepticism.

[astrolabe]

Hello All,

Boy, I dont know, let me think about this for a minute.............OKAY, WAIT!...... I GOT IT! The solution to cosmology is this:

The Universe is flat and everything is falling off the edge!.......nah......I KNOW!........The Universe is flat and everything is being PUSHED off the edge!.............hmm...............The Universe is curved? like a bowl, yeah, that's it! and so it takes light longer to get here!...........uh,nooo.............Hey! time stretches and dialates because of being bent around very strong Gravity wells like the Abell or Coma group or...........maaaaaybeeeeeeeee............Aw, NUTS! Who knows.

[Chris Peterson]

Boy, I dont know, let me think about this for a minute.............OKAY, WAIT!...... I GOT IT! The solution to cosmology is this:

The Universe is flat and everything is falling off the edge!.......nah......I KNOW!........The Universe is curved like a bowl and so it takes light longer to get here!...........no.............Time stretches and dialates because of being bent around very strong Gravity wells like the Abell or Coma group or......maybe.......Aw, NUTS! Who knows.

Don't forget the turtles; leave them out and you've got nothing.

[astrolabe]

Hello Chris,

DAMN...good call, I forgot about the turtles.

[harry]

G'day

Another interesting paper

http://arxiv.org/abs/0806.4481

Hubble's Cosmology: From a Finite Expanding Universe to a Static Endless Universe

Authors: A.K.T. Assis (Institute of Physics `Gleb Wataghin' University of Campinas, Brazil), M.C.D. Neves (Departamento de Física, Fundação Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Brazil), D.S.L. Soares (Departamento de Física, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil)
(Submitted on 27 Jun 2008)

Abstract: We analyze Hubble's approach to cosmology. In 1929 he accepted a finite expanding universe in order to explain the redshifts of distant galaxies. Later on he turned to an infinite stationary universe due to observational constraints. We show, by quoting his works, that he remained cautiously against the big bang until the end of his life.

and one more for the road.

http://arxiv.org/abs/0806.4085
A review of redshift and its interpretation in cosmology and astrophysics

Authors: R. Gray, J. Dunning-Davies
(Submitted on 25 Jun 2008)

Abstract: The interpretation of redshift in cosmology and astronomy yields a great deal of information about the universe in which we live, but much controversy surrounds the correct interpretation of the phenomenon. This article discusses the history of the redshift, and how its interpretation varies between different cosmological theories, including the Big Bang theory and some of its most famous rivals, the Steady State theory and Tired Light theory, and aims to highlight a few of the problems still existing. Some notions not normally associated with astronomy and astrophysics are mentioned also in the hope that a somewhat broader view of this important topic may be investigated.

People always feel warm in their comfort zone.

[makc]

Hello Chris,

DAMN...good call, I forgot about the turtles.

yeah the bowl have to sit on something, right, I say it's turtle. ancient wisdom can't possibly be wrong.

[bystander]

Don't forget the turtles; leave them out and you've got nothing.

DAMN...good call, I forgot about the turtles.

yeah the bowl have to sit on something, right, I say it's turtle. ancient wisdom can't possibly be wrong.

Some say the world rests on an elephant, which in turn rests on the tortoise, who swims in the ocean of milk.

[makc]

...who swims in the ocean of milk.

hey! that solves "turtles all the way down" problem, and also interesting setting for some RPG world... imagine character reaching end of map, falling off the edge and landing on a turtle, waking the elephant. The giant elaphant then plays hit the mole game with our hero hiding in turtle shell cracks, causing major earthquakes and disruptions in hero world at the same... or, in simpler scenario, turtle shell (as well as the sea) is inhabited by various monsters that our hero have to fight before climbing the elephant to make his way home that would be freaking epic game!

[astrolabe]

Hello All,

Now look, I'm having enough trouble assimilating the physics of the turtle into my equations as it is so try not to muddy things up okay? Honestly, I think sometimes you guys do these things on purpose just to try and confuse me. Elephant-indeed!

[bystander]

Ok, how about four elephants?

Discworld ... consists of a slightly convex disc (complete with edge-of-the-world drop-off and consequent waterfall) resting on the backs of four huge elephants which are in turn standing on the back of an enormous turtle ... as it slowly swims through space.

Notice the impact craters on the turtle shell

[astrolabe]

Hello bystander,

WOW! Pinch me now, I had no idea. Nyert, nyert nyert.

By the way, thank you especially, and others, for the updates on the Mt. Wilson drama. Looks as if it's ending well except for the fatigue of the Firefighters and their fallen comrades, not to mention the poor vegetation, trees, and animals. Nature can be rough on things sometimes when it takes it's course.

[makc]

also, imagine the sunset in the ocean of milk, the boiling milk and white fog... ooh, why can't I have a dream about such place?

[The Code]

Yo Chaps...

Isn't it amazing, The hole complex of humanity finds it easy to pass off genius for ridicule.... 8) Plant a sunflower seed in May, and it turns into huge display ... Plant the same seed in the middle of July ,, It knows it does not have long to flower... Does the sunflower have an on board computer that states the position of the sun, to growth organizers ,, we only have so many days left to "reproduce"? There is more to our universe than we can sense... Does not life in general have a habit of playing the wild card,, which can manifest in very unexpected ways? If nobody is looking for the unexpected, you may miss a reason,,,And find a dead end.

If the hole picture is not present,, the hole Answer Can not be determined... The above posts, puts me off trying

Mark

[makc]

If the hole picture is not present,, the hole Answer Can not be determined.

I like how "hole" and "whole" are so similar in english

[astrolabe]

Hello mark swain,

Your points of concern do not go unnoticed. However, for me anyway, The Universe, the Earth, and all the microcosms, are complex and somehow interwoven at a level that I have difficulty perceiving. Add in the fast pace of societies and one could easily see how hard it sometimes is to organize facts, thoughts and ideas into comfortable catagories in order to form good questions to help get correct answers to have everything make some kind of sense. For me, sometimes being lighthearted about things helps me to step back and put the stuff around me into perspective and keep this ultra-sensory existence at a managable level. One makes better decisions and has better judgment when one is not overwhelmed by info or imbalanced in one's pursuits. So, all in moderation, even humour if it's in good taste. Hopefully along the way, while maybe not being able to be prepared for every unexpected event, one might easier face it when and if it occurs.

This is of course very generally stated but the spirit of it hopefully I think you can follow.