APOD: The Same Color Illusion (2023 Dec 18)

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Expand view Topic review: APOD: The Same Color Illusion (2023 Dec 18)

Re: APOD: The Same Color Illusion (2023 Dec 18)

by Chris Peterson » Tue Dec 19, 2023 11:54 pm

Confused wrote: Tue Dec 19, 2023 8:24 pm
Chris Peterson wrote: Tue Dec 19, 2023 6:09 pm both the left and right sides of the image are showing grass of the same color
Actually, no. In the image there are darker colors on the left and lighter colors on the right. This can be verified using tools. What we see in the image is a true difference in colors. Very often the difference between an area in a shadow and an area with direct sunlight seen in photographs is dramatic, apparently because our eyes are better at making relevant adjustments but what is relevant here is the image, just the image. I think our eyes can properly interpret the image of grass provided previously.
Instrumentally. Your brain immediately recognizes that the color is the same on both sides. It requires deliberate, conscious reasoning to note that the apparent colors are different.

Re: APOD: The Same Color Illusion (2023 Dec 18)

by johnnydeep » Tue Dec 19, 2023 8:51 pm

Chris Peterson wrote: Mon Dec 18, 2023 11:36 pm
johnnydeep wrote: Mon Dec 18, 2023 11:22 pm
Chris Peterson wrote: Mon Dec 18, 2023 10:45 pm

There is no brightness (color) gradient. The number of pixels and the pixel density are not relevant, only the value of the pixels, which is identical for all the pixels in both squares.

Your eyes may be fooling you, or you may have some artifact created by your screen. But the numbers don't lie. Which is why when we analyze images, we look at the numbers.
_
greyillusion_wikipedia_960-copy-2.jpg
Hmm. Now that the two squares are isolated, the color of the A is definitely lighter than the color of B (and blurrier)! Though they both consist of many different pixel colors, A has more 0x"5n5n5n" values and B has more 0x"4n4n4n" pixel values. I wonder if that affects our perception of the illusion when the rest of the squares are present.
greyillusion_wikipedia_960_nl.jpg
Thx. So the answer to my last question is "no". 😊

Re: APOD: The Same Color Illusion (2023 Dec 18)

by Tekija » Tue Dec 19, 2023 8:24 pm

Chris Peterson wrote: Tue Dec 19, 2023 4:49 pm
Lasse H wrote: Tue Dec 19, 2023 4:44 pm
JeffW wrote: Mon Dec 18, 2023 3:07 pm Sorry but they don't look the same color to me, with or without the bridge. Not even close, one is definitely lighter, one darker.
But that's the whole point of an optic illusion ! - In this case: that they "don't look the same color", but yet they are.
If you measure the color in the two squares, you will find that they both are RGB(120, 120, 120).
And the reason is because of the way our brain compensates for shadows. We interpret the chessboard as having squares with only two colors, uninfluenced by shading.
Indeed. Here's how the creator of the illusion explained it:

"The first trick is based on local contrast. In shadow or not, a check that is lighter than its neighboring checks is probably lighter than average, and vice versa. In the figure, the light check in shadow is surrounded by darker checks. Thus, even though the check is physically dark, it is light when compared to its neighbors. The dark checks outside the shadow, conversely, are surrounded by lighter checks, so they look dark by comparison.

A second trick is based on the fact that shadows often have soft edges, while paint boundaries (like the checks) often have sharp edges. The visual system tends to ignore gradual changes in light level, so that it can determine the color of the surfaces without being misled by shadows. In this figure, the shadow looks like a shadow, both because it is fuzzy and because the shadow casting object is visible.

The “paintness” of the checks is aided by the form of the “X-junctions” formed by 4 abutting checks. This type of junction is usually a signal that all the edges should be interpreted as changes in surface color rather than in terms of shadows or lighting.

As with many so-called illusions, this effect really demonstrates the success rather than the failure of the visual system. The visual system is not very good at being a physical light meter, but that is not its purpose. The important task is to break the image information down into meaningful components, and thereby perceive the nature of the objects in view."

Re: APOD: The Same Color Illusion (2023 Dec 18)

by Confused » Tue Dec 19, 2023 8:24 pm

Chris Peterson wrote: Tue Dec 19, 2023 6:09 pm both the left and right sides of the image are showing grass of the same color
Actually, no. In the image there are darker colors on the left and lighter colors on the right. This can be verified using tools. What we see in the image is a true difference in colors. Very often the difference between an area in a shadow and an area with direct sunlight seen in photographs is dramatic, apparently because our eyes are better at making relevant adjustments but what is relevant here is the image, just the image. I think our eyes can properly interpret the image of grass provided previously.

Re: APOD: The Same Color Illusion (2023 Dec 18)

by Ann » Tue Dec 19, 2023 7:08 pm

Tredje pris i årets tittarbild 2023.png

I like this picture, which won third prize in a Swedish photo competition. You can see how the snow has melted on the left side of the lawn in the sunshine, but the snow is still intact where the grass is in shadow. Of course, I really like the very blue color of the snow as well, which is due to the fact that the blue light from the sky is reflecting off the snow, but the more yellow light from the Sun hasn't reached the part of the lawn that is in shadow.

Ann

Re: APOD: The Same Color Illusion (2023 Dec 18)

by Chris Peterson » Tue Dec 19, 2023 6:09 pm

Ann wrote: Tue Dec 19, 2023 5:57 pm What color is grass? It depends on the illumination:


Ann
It should be noted that this is why those tools that try to create a screen color (RGB values) for some given wavelength of light are marginally useful at best. Because color is a physiological phenomenon much more than a physical one. Our brain interprets the image you provided, and we readily understand that both the left and right sides of the image are showing grass of the same color. A measurement will show they are different, of course. What color are oxygen or hydrogen emissions from a nebula? The wavelengths are very accurately known. The color depends on the intensity of the emission.

Re: APOD: The Same Color Illusion (2023 Dec 18)

by Ann » Tue Dec 19, 2023 5:57 pm

What color is grass? It depends on the illumination:


Ann

Re: APOD: The Same Color Illusion (2023 Dec 18)

by Chris Peterson » Tue Dec 19, 2023 5:41 pm

Ann wrote: Tue Dec 19, 2023 5:39 pm
Confused wrote: Tue Dec 19, 2023 3:38 pm
Ann wrote: Tue Dec 19, 2023 8:53 am imagine a stuffed toy, as black as a typical black kittie. Send it into space and make it orbit the Sun. When the light from the Sun reflects off the orbiting black toy, it will gleam white.
Is it your intent to imply that the Moon is Black?

The color of the Moon is about the same color as asphalt.

Ann
Freshly laid asphalt!

Re: APOD: The Same Color Illusion (2023 Dec 18)

by Ann » Tue Dec 19, 2023 5:39 pm

Confused wrote: Tue Dec 19, 2023 3:38 pm
Ann wrote: Tue Dec 19, 2023 8:53 am imagine a stuffed toy, as black as a typical black kittie. Send it into space and make it orbit the Sun. When the light from the Sun reflects off the orbiting black toy, it will gleam white.
Is it your intent to imply that the Moon is Black?

The color of the Moon is about the same color as asphalt.

Ann

Re: APOD: The Same Color Illusion (2023 Dec 18)

by Chris Peterson » Tue Dec 19, 2023 4:49 pm

Lasse H wrote: Tue Dec 19, 2023 4:44 pm
JeffW wrote: Mon Dec 18, 2023 3:07 pm Sorry but they don't look the same color to me, with or without the bridge. Not even close, one is definitely lighter, one darker.
But that's the whole point of an optic illusion ! - In this case: that they "don't look the same color", but yet they are.
If you measure the color in the two squares, you will find that they both are RGB(120, 120, 120).
And the reason is because of the way our brain compensates for shadows. We interpret the chessboard as having squares with only two colors, uninfluenced by shading.

Re: APOD: The Same Color Illusion (2023 Dec 18)

by Lasse H » Tue Dec 19, 2023 4:44 pm

JeffW wrote: Mon Dec 18, 2023 3:07 pm Sorry but they don't look the same color to me, with or without the bridge. Not even close, one is definitely lighter, one darker.
But that's the whole point of an optic illusion ! - In this case: that they "don't look the same color", but yet they are.
If you measure the color in the two squares, you will find that they both are RGB(120, 120, 120).

Re: APOD: The Same Color Illusion (2023 Dec 18)

by Chris Peterson » Tue Dec 19, 2023 4:04 pm

Confused wrote: Tue Dec 19, 2023 3:40 pm
Avalon wrote: Tue Dec 19, 2023 4:07 am Hey, we need Ann, the color expert, to weigh in on this one.
I think no one has explained what the requirements are that causes our brains to be confused. What are the features of this image that causes the misconception?
Our brain interprets the different colors created by obvious shading as the same color.

Re: APOD: The Same Color Illusion (2023 Dec 18)

by Confused » Tue Dec 19, 2023 3:40 pm

Avalon wrote: Tue Dec 19, 2023 4:07 am Hey, we need Ann, the color expert, to weigh in on this one.
I think no one has explained what the requirements are that causes our brains to be confused. What are the features of this image that causes the misconception?

Re: APOD: The Same Color Illusion (2023 Dec 18)

by Confused » Tue Dec 19, 2023 3:38 pm

Ann wrote: Tue Dec 19, 2023 8:53 am This particular cat is being partly illuminated by red light, so that one of his ears looks red.
I think most people's brains understand that.
Ann wrote: Tue Dec 19, 2023 8:53 am imagine a stuffed toy, as black as a typical black kittie. Send it into space and make it orbit the Sun. When the light from the Sun reflects off the orbiting black toy, it will gleam white.
Is it your intent to imply that the Moon is Black?
Ann wrote: Tue Dec 19, 2023 8:53 am Remove basically all light from the room. Use your marvelous camera and take a visible-light picture of the white sheet of paper. It will look black.
As above, I think most people's brains understand that.

Re: APOD: The Same Color Illusion (2023 Dec 18)

by Ann » Tue Dec 19, 2023 8:53 am

Avalon wrote: Tue Dec 19, 2023 4:07 am Hey, we need Ann, the color expert, to weigh in on this one.
Nothing much to say that hasn't been said already. But yes, human color perception is relative.

Consider a black cat:


This particular cat is being partly illuminated by red light, so that one of his ears looks red.

Now imagine that you, after protecting the kittie's eyes, exposes it to absolutely brilliant white light. Using your marvelous camera, you take a picture of the black cat. Under the blinding white light, the black cat will look white.

Okay, I can do better. Forget about the real kittie and imagine a stuffed toy, as black as a typical black kittie. Send it into space and make it orbit the Sun. When the light from the Sun reflects off the orbiting black toy, it will gleam white.


Now consider a white sheet of paper:


Remove basically all light from the room. Use your marvelous camera and take a visible-light picture of the white sheet of paper. It will look black.

My point: A black toy will look white when it is illuminated by brilliant light. A white sheet of paper will look black when it is not illuminated at all. If we were somehow able to place the brilliantly lit black toy next to the unilluminated white paper, the cat would look white and the paper would look black.

Black cat ➔ ███ White sheet of paper ➔ ███

And remember: In the darkness, all cats are gray.

Ann

Re: APOD: The Same Color Illusion (2023 Dec 18)

by Avalon » Tue Dec 19, 2023 4:07 am

Hey, we need Ann, the color expert, to weigh in on this one.

Re: APOD: The Same Color Illusion (2023 Dec 18)

by Confused » Tue Dec 19, 2023 2:45 am

Also, when I copy the image and paste it into Irfanview then copy a portion of each square (a portion of the background) and paste each into a new image then they look the same color.

Re: APOD: The Same Color Illusion (2023 Dec 18)

by bls0326 » Tue Dec 19, 2023 12:50 am

Similar to using Color Picker, I used a "Replace Color" routine. Replace any Area A color (+/- alittle) with bright blue. Here is the results on my computer monitor. Not just the darker looking squares, but some bleed over into white squares in the "shadow" of the cylinder.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ESblyM ... sp=sharing
Attachments
APOD_colors_20231218.jpg

Re: APOD: The Same Color Illusion (2023 Dec 18)

by Pastorian » Tue Dec 19, 2023 12:25 am

Chris Peterson wrote: Mon Dec 18, 2023 10:58 pm
Pastorian wrote: Mon Dec 18, 2023 10:55 pm
johnnydeep wrote: Mon Dec 18, 2023 4:00 pm

We're delving into philosophy here, but if two things measured by certain data are identical, what difference does the context make, other than to affect perception (aka, the effect of the whole on human senses)? You're saying that the context is also part of the data? A bullet in a gun is definitely in a different context than a bullet in an ammo box, but it's the same bullet!
If I was a house painter and a client called up and said "I just love today's APOD! Could you paint my house like that? I'd like the main color to be square B and the accent trim color to be square A." If I went by the color measurements we're discussing, they'd say "What's this?? We want our money back!" What they really wanted was the perceived contrast. I then would be tasked with reconstructing that contrast and would need to identify two different color values to do that. The perception is a phenomenon so it must have data points. As soon as you isolate the squares in open space like some of the above illstrations, you are taking the information out of its original context. It is no longer a picture of a cylinder casting a shadow over a chess board. It is something else. I actually think the whole thing is cool, how in isolation, the values turn out to be identical. My point is that when isolating the data like that, keep in mind the source, and ask what information you are losing. It is as equally fascinating that we perceive something else.
The context here, however, is a simple illustration of how our senses can fool us when looking at an astronomical image. Not picking colors to paint a house!
I was illustrating that perception has data that can't necessarily be measured but can be approximated. It's not lost on me that certain aspects of perception needs to be set aside to do your work, and that, it seems, math becomes a sixth sense through which to observe. But has there ever been a true-to-life APOD? The data gathered is parsed back into digestable visual representations of that information.

Re: APOD: The Same Color Illusion (2023 Dec 18)

by Chris Peterson » Mon Dec 18, 2023 11:36 pm

johnnydeep wrote: Mon Dec 18, 2023 11:22 pm
Chris Peterson wrote: Mon Dec 18, 2023 10:45 pm
Chuck Almdale wrote: Mon Dec 18, 2023 9:39 pm Has anyone done a pixel count on this "illusion?"
I made a 3/8" by 1 1/4" rectangular hole in some paper and covered up everything by the "connecting strip" between the letters A & B. Frankly I see a brightness gradient going down my screen as a result. This suggests to me that there are fewer gray pixels per cm2 of whatever the gray color is as you descend. So, no, to me they're not really the same color. Close, though. This may have to do with the quality of my screen, or the angle of tilt, but this is what I have to work with. To my eye, at my screen, not the same.
There is no brightness (color) gradient. The number of pixels and the pixel density are not relevant, only the value of the pixels, which is identical for all the pixels in both squares.

Your eyes may be fooling you, or you may have some artifact created by your screen. But the numbers don't lie. Which is why when we analyze images, we look at the numbers.
_
greyillusion_wikipedia_960-copy-2.jpg
Hmm. Now that the two squares are isolated, the color of the A is definitely lighter than the color of B (and blurrier)! Though they both consist of many different pixel colors, A has more 0x"5n5n5n" values and B has more 0x"4n4n4n" pixel values. I wonder if that affects our perception of the illusion when the rest of the squares are present.
greyillusion_wikipedia_960_nl.jpg

Re: APOD: The Same Color Illusion (2023 Dec 18)

by Chris Peterson » Mon Dec 18, 2023 11:33 pm

johnnydeep wrote: Mon Dec 18, 2023 11:22 pm
Chris Peterson wrote: Mon Dec 18, 2023 10:45 pm
Chuck Almdale wrote: Mon Dec 18, 2023 9:39 pm Has anyone done a pixel count on this "illusion?"
I made a 3/8" by 1 1/4" rectangular hole in some paper and covered up everything by the "connecting strip" between the letters A & B. Frankly I see a brightness gradient going down my screen as a result. This suggests to me that there are fewer gray pixels per cm2 of whatever the gray color is as you descend. So, no, to me they're not really the same color. Close, though. This may have to do with the quality of my screen, or the angle of tilt, but this is what I have to work with. To my eye, at my screen, not the same.
There is no brightness (color) gradient. The number of pixels and the pixel density are not relevant, only the value of the pixels, which is identical for all the pixels in both squares.

Your eyes may be fooling you, or you may have some artifact created by your screen. But the numbers don't lie. Which is why when we analyze images, we look at the numbers.
_
greyillusion_wikipedia_960-copy-2.jpg
Hmm. Now that the two squares are isolated, the color of the A is definitely lighter than the color of B (and blurrier)! Though they both consist of many different pixel colors, A has more 0x"5n5n5n" values and B has more 0x"4n4n4n" pixel values. I wonder if that affects our perception of the illusion when the rest of the squares are present.
greyillusion_wikipedia_960-copy-2b.jpg
greyillusion_wikipedia_960-copy-2b.jpg (12.27 KiB) Viewed 35270 times

Re: APOD: The Same Color Illusion (2023 Dec 18)

by johnnydeep » Mon Dec 18, 2023 11:22 pm

Chris Peterson wrote: Mon Dec 18, 2023 10:45 pm
Chuck Almdale wrote: Mon Dec 18, 2023 9:39 pm Has anyone done a pixel count on this "illusion?"
I made a 3/8" by 1 1/4" rectangular hole in some paper and covered up everything by the "connecting strip" between the letters A & B. Frankly I see a brightness gradient going down my screen as a result. This suggests to me that there are fewer gray pixels per cm2 of whatever the gray color is as you descend. So, no, to me they're not really the same color. Close, though. This may have to do with the quality of my screen, or the angle of tilt, but this is what I have to work with. To my eye, at my screen, not the same.
There is no brightness (color) gradient. The number of pixels and the pixel density are not relevant, only the value of the pixels, which is identical for all the pixels in both squares.

Your eyes may be fooling you, or you may have some artifact created by your screen. But the numbers don't lie. Which is why when we analyze images, we look at the numbers.
_
greyillusion_wikipedia_960-copy-2.jpg
Hmm. Now that the two squares are isolated, the color of the A is definitely lighter than the color of B (and blurrier)! Though they both consist of many different pixel colors, A has more 0x"5n5n5n" values and B has more 0x"4n4n4n" pixel values. I wonder if that affects our perception of the illusion when the rest of the squares are present.

Re: APOD: The Same Color Illusion (2023 Dec 18)

by Chris Peterson » Mon Dec 18, 2023 10:58 pm

Pastorian wrote: Mon Dec 18, 2023 10:55 pm
johnnydeep wrote: Mon Dec 18, 2023 4:00 pm
Pastorian wrote: Mon Dec 18, 2023 3:05 pm I make a case that the square values are different because of context. To extract the data out of its context, yes, there is a certain raw value that is identical. But to extract the data and proclaim "puzzle solved" is to abandon the context; in effect, this is abandoning data. Basically I'm arguing that a value of a lit area is different from a value of a shaded area, regardless of discovery of certain identical information, because 'lit' and 'shaded' are data. I don't see the influence of perception as discardable.
We're delving into philosophy here, but if two things measured by certain data are identical, what difference does the context make, other than to affect perception (aka, the effect of the whole on human senses)? You're saying that the context is also part of the data? A bullet in a gun is definitely in a different context than a bullet in an ammo box, but it's the same bullet!
If I was a house painter and a client called up and said "I just love today's APOD! Could you paint my house like that? I'd like the main color to be square B and the accent trim color to be square A." If I went by the color measurements we're discussing, they'd say "What's this?? We want our money back!" What they really wanted was the perceived contrast. I then would be tasked with reconstructing that contrast and would need to identify two different color values to do that. The perception is a phenomenon so it must have data points. As soon as you isolate the squares in open space like some of the above illstrations, you are taking the information out of its original context. It is no longer a picture of a cylinder casting a shadow over a chess board. It is something else. I actually think the whole thing is cool, how in isolation, the values turn out to be identical. My point is that when isolating the data like that, keep in mind the source, and ask what information you are losing. It is as equally fascinating that we perceive something else.
The context here, however, is a simple illustration of how our senses can fool us when looking at an astronomical image. Not picking colors to paint a house!

Re: APOD: The Same Color Illusion (2023 Dec 18)

by Pastorian » Mon Dec 18, 2023 10:55 pm

johnnydeep wrote: Mon Dec 18, 2023 4:00 pm
Pastorian wrote: Mon Dec 18, 2023 3:05 pm I make a case that the square values are different because of context. To extract the data out of its context, yes, there is a certain raw value that is identical. But to extract the data and proclaim "puzzle solved" is to abandon the context; in effect, this is abandoning data. Basically I'm arguing that a value of a lit area is different from a value of a shaded area, regardless of discovery of certain identical information, because 'lit' and 'shaded' are data. I don't see the influence of perception as discardable.
We're delving into philosophy here, but if two things measured by certain data are identical, what difference does the context make, other than to affect perception (aka, the effect of the whole on human senses)? You're saying that the context is also part of the data? A bullet in a gun is definitely in a different context than a bullet in an ammo box, but it's the same bullet!
If I was a house painter and a client called up and said "I just love today's APOD! Could you paint my house like that? I'd like the main color to be square B and the accent trim color to be square A." If I went by the color measurements we're discussing, they'd say "What's this?? We want our money back!" What they really wanted was the perceived contrast. I then would be tasked with reconstructing that contrast and would need to identify two different color values to do that. The perception is a phenomenon so it must have data points. As soon as you isolate the squares in open space like some of the above illstrations, you are taking the information out of its original context. It is no longer a picture of a cylinder casting a shadow over a chess board. It is something else. I actually think the whole thing is cool, how in isolation, the values turn out to be identical. My point is that when isolating the data like that, keep in mind the source, and ask what information you are losing. It is as equally fascinating that we perceive something else.

Re: APOD: The Same Color Illusion (2023 Dec 18)

by rwlott » Mon Dec 18, 2023 10:54 pm

Chris Peterson wrote: Mon Dec 18, 2023 4:05 pm
Pastorian wrote: Mon Dec 18, 2023 3:05 pm I make a case that the square values are different because of context. To extract the data out of its context, yes, there is a certain raw value that is identical. But to extract the data and proclaim "puzzle solved" is to abandon the context; in effect, this is abandoning data. Basically I'm arguing that a value of a lit area is different from a value of a shaded area, regardless of discovery of certain identical information, because 'lit' and 'shaded' are data. I don't see the influence of perception as discardable.
This is about science, and about how our senses can fool us in analyzing an image. Instead of a chessboard, make this a nebula, with two physically identical regions separated spatially, and appearing different to our eyes but measuring instrumentally the same.

We would never claim the regions are different simply because of a perceptual failure. We would deliberately discard our perception and accept the instrumental measurements.
I first encountered this illusion almost 30 years ago, and even used it to illustrate Pastorian's point in my statistics classes: Context is essential for properly interpreting and communicating the results of statistical analysis. I'm not disagreeing with Chris about the need to eliminate perceptual failure in analyzing astronomical images, but context is an important element in many sciences.

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